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  1. Standard Model - Wikipedia

    The Standard Model of particle physics is the theory describing three of the four known fundamental forces (electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions – excluding gravity) in the …

  2. The Standard Model - CERN

    Our best understanding of how these particles and three of the forces are related to each other is encapsulated in the Standard Model of particle physics. Developed in the early 1970s, it has …

  3. The Standard Model – The Physics Hypertextbook

    The standard model of particle physics is a mathematical model that describes electromagnetism, the strong and weak nuclear forces, and the Higgs mechanism.

  4. DOE Explains...the Standard Model of Particle Physics

    The Standard Model of Particle Physics is scientists’ current best theory to describe the most basic building blocks of the universe. It explains how particles called quarks (which make up …

  5. These lectures provide a basic introduction to the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics.

  6. Standard model | Elementary Particles, Forces & Interactions ...

    Sep 21, 2025 · Standard model, the combination of two theories of particle physics into a single framework to describe all interactions of subatomic particles, except those due to gravity.

  7. The Standard Model of Particle Physics - WorldAtlas

    Nov 20, 2024 · In this article, we present the history of the Standard Model of particle physics, explain its content and successes, and lament over its limitations and shortcomings.